Organizational model that is used in the hospital setting Research Paper

Organizational model that is used in the hospital setting - Research Paper Example Also at the same level are the diagnostic services and the support services. This structure resembles a pyramid with just a few leaders at the top and quite a number of subordinates at the lower levels (Wisegeek.com 2014). The administration usually own and operate the hospital as a business. They also deal with budgets and policies in accordance with the needs of patients and employees. The administration consists of positions such as the board of directors, executive officers, presidents, and vice presidents. Below the administration is the information department that deals with documenting of every necessary paper work. These are charged with the recruiting staff, keeping records of employees, and conducting seminars to inform staff and patients on new matters. People found at this level include receptionists, secretaries, and marketing specialists. Therapeutic department include doctors, therapists, surgeons, psychologists, therapists, dieticians, nurses, and even social workers. These professionals are responsible for the direct treatment of patients. Diagnostic department deals majorly machines and laboratories. People here deal with identifying the real cause of ailment as samples go through te sts by diagnosticians. The final group is the support service whose major role is to make sure the supply is sufficient and machines run in order. Others deal with hospital hygiene. Employees under this department include engineers, electricians and janitors. Every hospital division is as important as the other despite the organizational hierarchy, a loss in one department can easily affect the operations in the other departments of the hospital and this is so because all departments are designed to work together as one organism (Wisegeek.com 2014). Availability of quality data is a great determinant of quality of health. Errors and adverse incidences mostly occur

The Naked Ape Essay Example for Free

The Naked Ape Essay My question is â€Å"After all we’ve evolved from, why can we still not control some of our animal-like instincts?†Ã‚  One possible answer is that no matter how much we evolve, we will always just be fancy apes. Desmond Morris said himself â€Å"Homo Sapiens have remained a naked ape nevertheless.† (The Naked Ape, page 9). To me, this is quite sad. However, I’m far from disagreeing with him. Apes can be extremely vicious and very easy to anger. Don’t we all know humans like that? And while not all people are like that, deep down, I’m pretty sure we all have a dark, ape-like side. I know that if people could read my mind, I would have been arrested a long time ago. The fact that most people can contain the violent thoughts they have is a sign that we have evolved from the apes, at least a little bit. However, there are still some people that act on these violent thoughts. How could some humans evolve from apes more than others? My thought is that maybe the humans that try to contain their violent instincts are attempting to hide who they truly are: fancy apes. Maybe the people that we call sick, crazy monstrosities are the only true human beings. The quote â€Å"His old impulses have been with him for millions of years, his new ones only a few thousand at the most and there is no hope of quickly shrugging off the accumulated genetic legacy of his whole revolutionary past.† (The Naked Ape, page 9) supports this thought. I often wonder why we try so hard to pretend like we’re this great, superior species, when in all actuality we’re really not that different from other animals at all. Sigmund Freud said â€Å"It is a general principle, then, that conflicts of interest between men are settled by the use of violence. This is true of the whole animal kingdom, from which men have no business to exclude themselves.† (Why War?, page 8) I completely agree, and frankly, I think it’s kind of pathetic that so many people try to pretend that they aren’t as savage as their fellow animals. Another possible answer is that deep down, maybe we don’t want to evolve. One of my favorite things to do is to play the role of a villain in a play. I get to be bad, and I don’t get in trouble for it. And really, who enjoys being good all the time? I know I don’t. Is that my ape-like nature showing? Morris said â€Å"It is a fact that the most level-headed intellectuals  frequently become violently aggressive when discussing the urgent need to suppress aggression.† (The Naked Ape, page 146) I’m not a very violent person, but one time I caught this kid picking on my baby brother, and I punched him as hard as I could right in the gut. I didn’t regret it then, I don’t now, and I never will. That’s pretty ape-like, isn’t it? It is, and I couldn’t care less. It seems like I don’t really want to change my ape-like behaviors. It’s the same thing with parents. If someone’s child is threatened, what are they going to do? They’re going to protect them at all cost. I once had a teacher look at my whole entire class and say with a straight face â€Å"If anyone ever hurt my son, I would put him in a meat grinder feet-first. I would go to jail for the rest of my life, and I would wake up smiling every morning.† That’s horrible, right? Or is it just who we are? Morris said â€Å"The prolonged dependency of the young, forcing us to adopt pair-bonded family units, demanded yet another form of self-assertion. Each male, as the head of a family, became involved in defending his own individual home base inside the general colony base.† (The Naked Ape, page 148) Morris claims that loving and protecting your family was evolved from self-preservation. Self-preservation is an animal instinct, is it not? So it’s ape-like, but do we want to change that? Of course not! Freud said â€Å"In union there is strength.† (Why War?, page 9) That means the only reason I love my family and I want them to be safe is because deep down, I know that I wouldn’t be as safe without them. I hate to think that that might be true, because that makes me feel like a terrible person. But then again, aren’t all humans just a big ball of selfishness? A third possible answer is that maybe we just don’t have the capacity to change. This differs from my first answer because my first answer suggests that we haven’t really evolved as much as we think we have. This third answer suggests that some animals might be able to become â€Å"greater† than they are now, but humans can’t. Maybe this is as good as it gets for our species. It almost makes me angry, thinking that a chimpanzee might eventually be able to accomplish more than me. I mean, I’m a human. I’m part of the smartest species in the world, right? If that’s true, why am I not able to suppress the urge to hit someone in the gut as hard as I can? Morris said â€Å"Basically, they (apes) either switch off the signals that have been  arousing the aggression, or they switch on other, positively non-aggressive signals.† (The Naked Ape, page 157) An ape can calm itself down, and I can’t? Not just me, either. There are to ns of people in the world with anger issues. We’re actually almost more ape-like than apes themselves. Now, that’s pretty pathetic. When I get mad at someone, all I want to do is hit them. I usually choose not to act on it (maybe because I’m subconsciously in denial of my ape-like nature as well), but that still doesn’t hide the fact that attacking said person is my natural animal instinct. Morris said that when apes are threatened, they â€Å"simply calm the dominant animal down†¦send out signals that stimulate a non-aggressive response†¦ (and) involve the arousal of the mood to groom or be groomed.† (The Naked Ape, pages 157-158) When you’re mad at someone, do you try to groom them? No, you most likely don’t. Apes are smart enough to realize that violence isn’t a good thing, and we aren’t. That’s very sad, in my opinion. We should be able to control our instinct to fight and kill, like the apes can. We should, in theory, be more like the apes. So maybe my question shouldn’t be â€Å"After all we’ve evolved from, why can we still not control some of our ape-like instincts?† Maybe my question should be â€Å"After all we’ve supposedly evolved from, why can we still not be more like the apes?† Freud said â€Å"Domination by whoever had the greater might – domination by brute violence or by violence supported by intellect.† (Why War?, page 9) Is that really what we live by? Is brute violence all we know? If so, then I’d much rather be an ape. In conclusion, human beings just flat-out aren’t the best species in the world. I’m not sure what species is, and I’m not sure I will never know. Some people might think that I’m cynical for thinking this. Maybe I am, but do you not have doubts about our species as well?

Case Study: Murder of Ashley Smith Essay -- Scott Jones, Frederick Joh

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze the practices conducted by law enforcement during the investigation of the murder of Ashley Smith. The following pages will discuss the crime scene investigation, the evidence collection, the investigative steps following the initial crime scene investigation, the interviews of witnesses and suspects, and other strategies performed by the acting case investigators. Constitutional challenges have surfaced regarding specific pieces of critical evidence and a section of this paper will analyze the admissibility of this evidence. Lastly this case’s law enforcement processes will be contrasted with textbook processes in an effort to determine the validity of the case’s outcome. The Crime Scene On 11/3/00, two truck drivers discovered the deceased body of fourteen-year-old Ashley Smith in a wooded area behind the Pizza Hut, located on Old Annapolis Rd. Local authorities were dispatched and D/CPL. Glenn Case was designated as the primary investigator on the case. Upon arrival, D/CPL. Case observed that the medical examiner had already examined the body, evidence had been collected, photographs of the crime scene had been taken both on ground and from a helicopter (aerial view), and D/CPL. Case was advised that the victim had not yet been identified. The victim’s body had what appeared to be several stab wounds to her neck and abdominal area. D/CPL Case will later be advised by medical examiners that the victim had been stabbed thirty-four times and had also been manually strangled. The victim’s body was positioned with her head facing towards the Pizza Hut parking lot. The positioning coupled with bloody drag marks on the concrete suggested that the victim had been ... ...e resulted arrest of the suspects reflects this applicably. References Bond, J. (2007). Value of DNA Evidence in Detecting Crime. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 52(1), 128-136. Moston, S., & Engelberg, T. (2011). The Effects of Evidence on the Outcome of Interviews with Criminal Suspects. Police Practice & Research, 12(6), 518 - 526. State by State Compliance. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.vegress.com/index.php/can-i-record-calls-in-my-state Swanson, C. R., Chamelin, N. C., & Territo, L. (2012). Criminal investigation. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Technical Working Group on Crime Scene Investigation (2000). Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide for Law Enforcement-Research Report (NCJ 178280). Retrieved from U.S. Department of Justice website: http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/lab/forensic-science-communications/fsc/april2000/twgcsi.pdf

The exchange took only less than ten minutes

We do not have to be a college graduate to be knowledgeable about the world and its dealings, we just have to be street smart and keen. We do not have to be superman to possess the strengths that will be able to bring down a 20-foot building; we just have to believe that we hold the courage and the strength to deal with our daily tribulations. We do not have to be the president of the United States to have all the answers to our questions; we just have to keep on looking and never give up. We just have to feel alive.These things I learned when I became independent. It was a rather difficult time and I was about to give up, but then I realized I have to go through this. It was one Sunday morning and I had no classes, but I was feeling rather weak so I decided to go to the nearest clinic and get myself checked up on. It was a busy day there, perhaps because most people do not have to go to work on Sundays and get him or herself checked up by the physician.While waiting, I sat in the co rridor beside this elderly woman who reminded me of my grandmother. We had a small conversation and I must admit that I had difficulties in trying to converse because English is not my native tongue, but she probably tried to understand me, and I learned more things about life that I can possibly ever learn cramped up in my small space studying.The exchange took only less than ten minutes, for she was called in the doctor’s room already, but what she told me could have changed my whole perspective in life, and it has. She told me that she grew up not knowing what she wanted out of life, that she took her life for granted and that if she could turn back time to my age, she would live. She said that she never explored, that she was always sheltered, and that her parents always gave her what she wanted, not even asking why.She told me that she wants to cry and lecture every single adolescent that she sees because she can see how they are throwing their lives away, as if they cou ld live it back when they wanted to. I did not know whether to start an argument with her because of this, but I just let her talk. She told me that if she could have been more independent and had not spent every single penny that was given to her; she could have been much more satisfied.I looked at her keenly, and I noticed that she did not look shabby; in fact, she looked like someone who eats three times a day and can afford to be looked at in a clinic like this. Her last statement was the one that I would never forget.She asserted that it was not enough for us to just live, because what is the use of living when one does not feel alive. I believe that she meant that she was living her life, but she was living it aimlessly, with no direction. Perhaps it is because of the unending luxuries that were given to her that she took for granted.Alternatively, maybe it is because of her sheltered life that she cannot think of a purpose. Nevertheless, I understood what she meant by not fee ling alive. Sometimes, because I have been so busy doing my routine I have stopped feeling alive. I go to school, I attend to my work and my needs, I sleep, and I eat. I do nothing with passion, I just breathe.Yes, it was just a few fleeting exchanges of words, but I was able to see it in her eyes the regret of not living all those years, of not being curious enough to seek independence, of not trying to do things that one is passionate about. I want to change, I want to be spontaneous sometimes, I want to do something that I am passionate about.I want to excel in my studies; I want to do something that I thought I would never do in a thousand years. I want to be independent and challenge myself to achieve greatness in spite and despite of the obstacles that are being thrown in front of me. I do not just want to live; I want to feel alive. And all this was inspired by a few moments that I had with this old woman in the corrid

Use of Wireless local area network

AbstractionIn many sectors wireless local country web ( wireless local area network ) has been widely used.mobility, scalability, easiness of installing, reduced cost-of-ownership, installing flexibleness are the grounds were wireless local area network gained popularity.WLAN have some security menaces apart from the benefits mentioned above.the scenario begins by presenting the construct of WLAN, and how wired tantamount privateness ( WEP ) works, which is the IEEE 802.11b/WIFI standard encoding for radio networking.Examining WEP failing, it is being much less secured than what was orginally intended.further research sing practical solutions in implementing a more secured radio lan.new criterions excessively better the security of wireless local area network such as IEEE 802.1X criterion, comprises of point to indicate protocol ( palatopharyngoplasty ) , Extensile Authentication protocol ( EAP ) and 802.1x itself.802.1x is included in 802.11i, a new criterion for cardinal distributi on and encoding that will play of import function in bettering security capablenesss of future and current radio local area network networks.802.11i criterion provides WEP To be replaced by two encoding algorithms, which are ( TKIP ) Temporal cardinal unity protocol, ( CCMP ) cbc-mac protocol.1.Introduction to WLANTo utilize either infrared or radio frequence engineering to convey and have information over the air, flexible informations communicating system called wireless local country web ( wireless local area network ) is used.802.11 was implemented as the first WLAN criterion in 1997.it has a maximal througput of 1 to 2 mbps and operated in 2.4 gigahertz frequency.IEEE 802.11B is the most dispersed and deployed criterion, was introduced in 1999.the maximal velocity is 11mbps and frequence scope is the same.sectors from instruction, corporate, warehousing, retail, health care, finance WLANS has been used widely.the demand for installing flexibleness, scalability, cost-of-ownershi p, mobility wireless local area network has been an of import engineering to fulfill.2.0 Security Threats of WLANDespite the productiveness, convenience and cost advantage that WLAN offers, the wireless moving ridges used in wireless webs create a hazard where the web can be hacked. This subdivision explains three illustrations of of import menaces: Denial of Service, Spoofing, and Eavesdropping.2.1 Denial of ServiceIn this sort of onslaught, the interloper floods the web with either valid or invalid messages impacting the handiness of the web resources. Due to the nature of the wireless transmittal, the WLAN are really vulnerable against denial of service onslaughts. The comparatively low spot rates of WLAN can easy be overwhelmed and leave them unfastened to denial of service onslaughts [ 9 ] . By utilizing a powerful plenty transceiver, wireless intervention can easy be generated that would unable WLAN to pass on utilizing radio way.2.2 Spoofing and Session HijackingThis is where the aggressor could derive entree to favor informations and resources in the web by presuming the individuality of a valid user. This happens because 802.11 webs do non authenticate the beginning reference, which is Medium Access Control ( MAC ) reference of the frames. Attackers may therefore spoof MAC references and highjack Sessionss. Furthermore, 802.11 does non necessitate an Access Point to turn out it is really an AP. This facilitates aggressors who may masquerade as AP? s [ 9 ] . In extinguishing spoofing, proper hallmark and entree control mechanisms need to be placed in the WLAN.EavesdroppingThis involves attack against the confidentiality of the information that is being transmitted across the web. By their nature, radio LANs deliberately radiates web traffic into infinite. This makes it impossible to command who can have the signals in any radio LAN installing. In the radio web, eavesdropping by the 3rd parties is the most important menace because the aggressor can stop the transmittal over the air from a distance, off from the premiss of the company.3.0 Wired Equivalent PrivacyWired Equivalent Privacy ( WEP ) is a standard encoding for radio networking. It is a user hallmark and informations encoding system from IEEE 802.11 used to get the better of the security menaces. Basically, WEP provides security to WLAN by coding the information transmitted over the air, so that merely the receiving systems who have the right encoding key can decode the information. The undermentioned subdivision explains the proficient functionality of WEP as the chief security protocol for WLAN.3.1 How WEP Works?When deploying WLAN, it is of import to understand the ability of WEP to better security. This subdivision describes how WEP maps accomplish the degree of privateness as in a wired LAN [ 16 ] . WEP uses a pre-established shared secret key called the base key, the RC4 encoding algorithm and the CRC-32 ( Cyclic Redundancy Code ) checksum algorithm as its basic edifice blocks. WEP supports up to four different base keys, identified by KeyIDs 0 thorough 3. Each of these basal keys is a group key called a default key, intending that the base keys are shared among all the members of a peculiar radio web. Some executions besides support a set of unidentified per-link keys called key-mapping keys. However, this is less common in first coevals merchandises, because it implies the being of a key.3.2 Failings of WEPWEP has undergone much examination and unfavorable judgment that it may be compromised. What makes WEP vulnerable? The major WEP defects can be summarized into three classs [ 17 ] :3.2.1 No counterfeit protectionThere is no counterfeit protection provided by WEP. Even without cognizing the encoding key, an antagonist can alter 802.11 packages in arbitrary, undetectable ways , deliver informations to unauthorised parties, and masquerade as an authorised user. Even worse, an antagonist can besides larn more about the encoding key with counterfeit onslaughts than with strictly inactive onslaughts.3.2.2 No protection against rematchsWEP does non offer any protection once more rematchs. An adversary can make counterfeits without altering any informations in an bing package, merely by entering WEP packages and so retransmitting later. Replay, a particular type of counterfeit onslaught, can be used to deduce information about the encoding key and the informations it protects.3.2.3 Recycling low-level formatting vectorsBy recycling low-level formatting vectors, WEP enables an aggressor to decode the encrypted information without the demand to larn the encoding key or even fall backing to hi-tech techniques. While frequently dismissed as excessively slow, a patient aggressor can compromise the encoding of an full web after merely a few hours of informations agg regation.4.0 Practical Solutions for Procuring WLANDespite the hazards and exposures associated with radio networking, there are surely fortunes that demand their use. Even with the WEP defects, it is still possible for users to procure their WLAN to an acceptable degree. This could be done by implementing the undermentioned actions to minimise onslaughts into the chief webs [ 5 ] :4.1 Changing Default SSIDService Set Identifier ( SSID ) is a alone identifier attached to the heading of packages sent over a WLAN that acts as a watchword when a nomadic device attempts to link to a peculiar WLAN. The SSID differentiates one Wireless local area network from another, so all entree points and all devices trying to link to a specific WLAN must utilize the same SSID. In fact, it is the lone security mechanism that the entree point requires to enable association in the absence of triping optional security characteristics. Not altering the default SSID is one of the most common security error s made by WLAN decision makers. This is tantamount to go forthing a default watchword in topographic point.EAPThe Extensile Authentication Protocol ( EAP ) is a general hallmark protocol defined in IETF ( Internet Engineering Task Force ) criterions. It was originally developed for usage with PPP. It is an hallmark protocol that provides a generalised model for several hallmark mechanisms [ 15 ] . These include Kerberos, public key, smart cards and erstwhile watchwords. With a standardised EAP, interoperability and compatibility across hallmark methods become simpler. For illustration, when user dials a distant entree waiter ( RAS ) and utilize EAP as portion of the PPP connexion, the RAS does non necessitate to cognize any of the inside informations about the hallmark system. Merely the user and the hallmark server have to be coordinated. By back uping EAP hallmark, RAS waiter does non actively take part in the hallmark duologue. Alternatively, RAS merely re-packages EAP packages t o manus off to a RADIUS waiter to do the existent hallmark determinationWI-FI PROTECTED ACCESS ( WPA )The WPA can be expressed as: 802.1x Authentication + TKIP + ( optional ) AES. 802.1x Authentication WPA relies on the 802.1x hallmark described in the old subdivision for authenticating wireless clients via a RADIUS waiter and bring forthing the secret keys which are so used to make encoding keys. This implies that 802.1x must utilize an hallmark method ensuing in the secret key coevals ( such as EAP-TLS or EAPTTLS ) . Because shared secret keys, generated as the consequence of 802.1x hallmark are alone for each client, WPA-enabled APs will manage multiple keys. To do WPA useable by little concerns and place offices, which do non hold RADIUS-based hallmark environment, 802.1x hallmark may be replaced with the shared key hallmark which resembles WEP hallmark. This manner of WPA hallmark is known as Pre-Shared Key ( PSK ) manner ( vs. Enterprise Mode used with the 802.1x hallmark ) [ 22 ] .TKIPTKIP ( Temporal Key Integrity Protocol ) is responsible for bring forthing the encoding key, coding the message and verifying its unity. Although the existent encoding is performed utilizing the same RC4 Cipher algorithm as WEP, specific sweetenings are added to make stronger encoding key and guarantee that italterations with everypacketis alone for every clientA cryptanalytic message unity codification, or MIC, called Michael, to get the better of counterfeits.A new IV sequencing subject, to take rematch onslaughts from the aggressor? s armory.A per-packet key blending map, to de-correlate the public IVs from weak keys.A re-keying mechanism, to supply f resh encoding and unity keys, undoing the menace of onslaughts stemming from cardinal reuse.Encrypted Tunnel or VirtualPrivate Network ( VPN )Packages are unbroken private by the usage of encryption.Encryption systems are designed to supply avirtual tunnel that the information base on ballss through as it traverses the protected portion of the network.If the system is decently designed and correctlyimplemented, the contents of the warhead will be indecipherable to those without the proper decoding key. The contents that the receiving system decrypts must non merely be private, but precisely as the senderintended. In other words correct tunnel will notonly maintain the contesnts private, but besides free from alteration. This requires the usage of acryptographic unity checker or checksum.Tunneled Transport Layer Security( TTLS )It is non clear whether or non EAP-TLS can be implemented without a public key substructure for certificate exchange. We believe that it ispossible to put in the certifications on the client andserver without utilizing a PKI but we are non perfectly certain that this is the instance. But there isno uncertainty that TTLS does non necessitate a PKI.TTLS differs from EAP-TLS in that it is a two phase protocol. In the first phase an encrypted tunnel is established between the client and waiter. In making so, the waiter presents itscertificate to the client and therefore the client is confident of the waiter? s individuality. In the 2nd stage the client? s certificates are given to thefor proof. These certificates are in theform of attribute-value braces and non digital certifications. [ Gas02 ] All EAP hallmark protocols run into this standard. Because the certificates are passed in an encrypted tunnel a digital certification is non necessary.Protected ExtensileAuthentication Protocol ( PEAP )PEAP is really similar to TTLS. It is truly merely a different spirit of TTLS. It is besides a two stage protocol. The first stage is used to authentic atethe waiter and set up an encrypted tunnel between the client and the waiter. Then alternatively ofusing the older attribute-value brace to authenticate the client, hallmark is limited to any EAP method. Since EAP includes a broad array of hallmark protocols this is non a terrible limitation, but it does let less flexibleness than TTLS. [ Gas02 ]

Download Your Resume on LinkedIn

How to Easily Upload/Download Your Resume on LinkedIn Need to add your resume to your LinkedIn profile? Or need to convert your LinkedIn to a workable resume? Have no fear! Here are easy steps you can follow to do either without any trouble. Put Your Resume on  Ã‚  LinkedInIf you sign into your account, then select the Profile menu from the bar at the top, there is an option to Edit, and then from those extended options, the option to Import Resume. A pop-up will give you a chance to select your file (up to 500kb: either .doc, .pdf, or .html).In the Review Experience and Education interface, you can populate the fields and tweak the information as you need. Then simply save your changes with the botton at the bottom†¦. and voila!Make a Resume from a LinkedIn ProfileOne option for converting your LinkedIn profile to a gorgeous resume is the program Resumonk. It takes only a few minutes and two simple steps.1. Download your profile as a PDF. Click on the Me link at the top, then View Profile. There’s a more icon (â€Å"â₠¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) in the top section of your profile, click that and then select Save to PDF. That’s that!2. Upload your PDF. If you already have a Resumonk account, simply log in and get started. Otherwise, sign up! If you have an existing resume saved to Resumonk, you can click the Edit button on the dashboard beside it. Otherwise select Create a New Resume. On the next page, there’ll be a button at the top called Import from LinkedIn. This will take you to another page where you can upload your new PDF.Use the Preview Customization page to change the template, fonts, colors, spacing, etc. Then click Save Design Page Settings.b You can continue to edit your resume, or download it when you’re ready by selecting the download (in .pdf or .docx format) function.You can also use Resume Builder, which was created as part of LinkedIn Labs and also lets you choose a template, or edit/view in Outline form. Or DoYouBuzz, which is a very user-friendly website with both free and paid plans, giving you tons of template options and is a very smooth process as well.

Canada Water Trade Issue essays

The US/Canada Water Trade Issue essays Canada is a country with vast spaces, forests, rich mineral deposits, and most importantly, an unlimited supply of water. In many places worldwide, water is a luxury, namely in the Southwest United States. Water plays an important role in both Canada and the US, as they share the status of top consumers of water in the world. Despite the fact that everyone needs water, a controversy has risen in Canada as the US is requesting the export of their bulk water systems to the arid regions of their country. With Canadas attempt to ban the massive exports to the US, as it may be the key to tomorrows economy. Many say that wars in the future will be fought in the future, and that water will be the oil of the 21st century. (Water) Also, Canadians have a growing concern of the fact that if bulk water sales start, they will be unstoppable, and possibly lead to a shortage of water in Canada. Furthermore, Canada is concerned with the unknown environmental consequences, which could come about in the removal of water from their sources. Not only will the removal of water cause possible damage, but the supplying of water to the US could cause them to abstain from putting their funds toward better conserving the arid regions. On the other hand, the US argues that many jobs could be created in the extraction of water from Canadas vast sources. They also argue that much of Canadas water supply is located in the northern areas, free of any human activity. Also, with the import of water from Canada, the US southwest arid areas may decrease the threat of global warmings effects. From the perspective of the US, the importing of Canadas water would have various benefits to the arid regions. If Canada were to export their water to the US, there would be more environmental damage to the US as a whole, than to their arid regions. The reason for this being because the export of water from Canad...

SAT Math - PrepScholar 2016 Students Encyclopedia

SAT Math - PrepScholar 2016 Students' Encyclopedia SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The Mathematics section of the SAT asks students to solve problems with pre-algebra, algebra, geometry, probability, and data analysis from charts and graphs.The SAT does not testadvanced math like trigonometry, pre-calculus, or calculus. Students who have taken ahigh school level algebra class and geometry class likelyhave sufficient familiarity with the testedconcepts to sit for the SAT.Those who have less familiarity withthese concepts in their general education will likelybenefit from self-teaching with SAT preparation materials. Note: this article is a series in the PrepScholar2016 Students' Encyclopedia, a free students' and parents' SAT / ACT guide that provides encyclopedic knowledge. Read all the articles here! While the SAT Mathematics section does not test advanced concepts or require complex calculations, it challenges students to apply logic and problem-solving skills under strict time limits. SAT mathquestions may not resemble typical classroom math problems, and they call forcareful reading and attention to detail. Questions often requiremultiple steps to solve, as well as the combined applicationof concepts from multiple fields. SAT preparation has been shown to lead to score improvements in the math section, as it gives students insight into SAT question types and the testing of relatively basic mathematical concepts in non-traditional ways. Rather than one long section, SAT Mathematics is divided intothree sections. Two of these sectionsare 25minutes in length and one is 20minutes. Altogether, the Mathematics section adds up to atotal of 70 minutes. The number of scored Mathematics questions on the SAT remains consistent across tests at 54 questions. Since each SAT has an unmarked experimental section, students may encounter an additional 25-minute math section. If this is the case, then that experimental section will not be factored into theoverall Mathematics score. Of these 54 questions, 44 are multiple choice and 10 are student-produced, commonly known as "grid-in" questions. Students answer the multiple choice questions by filling in the corresponding choices on their answer sheet. Student-produced responses are written in a specially designatedsection at the bottom of the answer sheet. These grids have spaces for up to four digits, along with the option of adding a decimal point or fraction bar. Unlike for multiple choice questions, there are no point deductions for incorrect responses to grid-in questions. The above instructions for answering grid-in questions appear on the SAT answer sheet. Besides maintaining the number of mathematics questions on each test at 54, the SAT also remains consistent in the format of each section. One 25-minute section always has 20 multiple choice questions. The other 25-minute section has 8 multiple choice and 10 grid-ins. Finally, the 20 minute section returns to multiple choice with 16 questions. Onestrategic approach to the Mathematics section involves the order of difficulty of the questions. Typicallyquestions in the mathsections get progressively harder, moving from easy to medium to difficult. Since all questions have equal scoring weight regardless of difficulty level, students may benefit from focusing on the easy and medium questions that they have a greater likelihood ofanswering correctly. Studentsmayalso be strategic aboutthe number of seconds they spend answering each question,prioritizing questions from which they have the greatest chance of earning points. Top scorers generally leave themselves a larger proportion of time to dedicate todifficult questions. Depending on eachtest's grading curve, students are allowed only one, if any, incorrect answers to achieve a full score of 800. The Mathematics questions cover four main areas of content: numbers and operations, algebra and functions, geometry and measurement, and data analysis, statistics, and probability. According to the test developer College Board, the majority of questions cover algebra or geometry. Number and operations are tested by 11 to 13 questions. Algebra and functions are tested by 19 to 21 questions. Geometry and measurement are tested by 14 to 16 questions. Data analysis, satistics, and probability are tested by 6 to 7 questions. College Board further breaks down each of these areas of content into subtopics. Following each list of subtopics is an example of an official SAT sample question. Number and Operations Arithmetic word problems (including percent, ratio, and proportion) Properties of integers (even, odd, prime numbers, divisibility, and so forth) Rational numbers (numbers that be written as a ratio) Sets (union, intersection, elements) Counting techniques Sequences and series (including exponential growth) Elementary number theory (using arithmetic, geometry, or algebra to solve equations with integer or rational solutions) Sample SAT Question Algebra and Functions Substitution and simplifying algebraic expressions Properties of exponents Algebraic word problems Solutions of linear equations and inequalities Systems of equations and inequalities Quadratic equations Equations of lines Absolute value Direct and inverse variation Concepts of algebraic functions Sample SAT Question Geometry and Measurement Area and perimeter of a polygon Area and circumference of a circle Volume of a box, cube, and cylinder Pythagorean theorem and special properties of isosceles, equilateral, and right triangles Properties of parallel and perpendicular lines Coordinate geometry Slope Similarity Transformations Sample SAT Question Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability Data interpretation (tables and graphs) Descriptive statistics (mean, median, and mode) Probability Sample SAT Question Each Mathematics section on the SAT beginswith a collection of facts, figures, and formulas for students to consult as reference. This reference sheet includes properties of special right triangles, the formulas for finding area, volume, and circumference, and the measure of degrees in a circle and a triangle. While this information is accessible during the test, students are likely to perform better byentering the test with a working knowledge ofthese facts and formulas. Students receive the above facts, formulas, and figures at the beginning of each SAT math section. Students may use calculators on the Mathematics section, though most questions can be solved without the use of a calculator. Most graphing calculators, all scientific calculators, and all four function calculators are allowed. Cell phones, tablets, personal organizers, and calculators with QWERTY keyboards are strictly prohibited.The use of unacceptable technology may result in dismissal from the testing room and score cancellation. Students who have familiarity with their calculator, especially from withintheirmath classrooms, tend toderive greater benefit from its use. Writing out equations and calculations in the test booklet is also highly recommended for solving problems inthe Mathematics section. Read more from the SAT Encyclopedia! Further Reading The 21 Critical Math Formulas You MUST Know How to Stop Running Out of Time on SAT Math Calculators on the SAT: Tips from Experts

Impact of english in the arab world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Impact of english in the arab world - Essay Example Basically, there exists a unanimous understanding among individuals that the use of English in communication helps in enhancing social status in different countries. As a result, the governments have made efforts in improving English in the countries through different means such as adopting strict state control of the educational systems (Ramaswami, Sarraf & Haydon 71). Concerning education in the Arab countries, English has been made a primary language in the education systems. The reason for making the English language is because of the feeling that English enhances career prospects the individuals speaking other languages may not have their scholarly works published throughout the world. Besides, English might attract the interest of other highly esteemed western countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom (Ramaswami, Sarraf & Haydon 86). Through English language, the Arab world has been able to share the educational resources with the rest of the world. This in turn has enabled the Arabic speakers into enjoying the utilization of researched materials of different versions and enhancing the ease in their education. The education in the Arab world has also been able to formalize through the English language to a significant degree for instance, allowing individuals for utilization of the internet and other digital media mainly prog rammed in English. Individuals of different ages have shown interest in studying the English language due to the rising needs worldwide. Moreover, several institutions have been established to offer education on the English language such as the AMIDEAST. English language has attributed to improved exposure of the traditional media that principally use English language as the medium. For instance, there is higher exposure of television in urban regions hence; the people are exposed to more English in such

Economic History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic History - Research Paper Example Most of his works were drafted in the late eighteenth century, when economics was not even properly regarded as a separate subject. Astonishingly enough, Adam Smith’s works are still very useful and many of the modern researches in economics are based on the theories and principals proposed by him. Thesis Statement: Adam Smith’s economic theories and principals have drawn and remained at the focus for more than two hundred years. The basic framework of contemporary economy can be considerably attributed to his works and philosophy. Discussion on the Different Economic Principals and Theories of Adam Smith The two most important works of Adam Smith are â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† and â€Å"The Theory of Moral Sentiments†. The Wealth of Nations can be considered as a precursor to today’s academic discipline of the subject economics. There are certain principals and theories that can be spotted in The Wealth of Nations. It attributes to the basis of r esource-allocation theory, which states that in competitive environment, resource owners would utilize them to maximize profits. This would result into equal rates of returns in equilibrium related to all utilizations, suited for the apparent diversities arising from the factors like unemployment, hardship, trust, and training (Smith, A., 1776). The General Equilibrium Modeling derived by Walras almost a century later is also based on Smith’s resource-allocation theory. Moreover, Smith’s labor theories provide the basis of the modern industrial relations. Labor theory of value further elucidates the relation between labor and the cost of the product produced, which affects the allocation of outputs and the distribution of earnings. Further, in his work The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Adam Smith finds out relationship between the ethical behavior of an individual and the economic structure of the society. His concept of â€Å"homo economicus† (economic man) defin es that how a sensible citizen can make economic contributions to the well being of our society (Klein, D.B., 2009). Why Adam Smith is Important? Adam Smith is important because this Scottish economist worked during the days when the very subject â€Å"economical science† or economics was in a nascent state. Adam Smith, to some extent, decided the course of the evolution of economics as a separate subject. He deeply analyzed the concepts of taxation, market, labor, training, unemployment, infrastructure, etc., which are critical in today’s economic environment and related public administration. It is due to Adam Smith that we are sometimes compelled to think about capitalism as a moral system, where profits are not the only pursuit. Hence, his legacy deserves special importance today (Brown, V. et al, 1993). Further, in Smith’s works, we get the glimpses of the emerging industrial society in the late eighteenth century Britain, wherefrom the modern industrial re volution actually began. Why are his Theories Important? Critics of Adam Smith try to find out limitations of his economic philosophy. According to J. Schumpeter (1994), â€Å"Had he (Adam Smith) dug more deeply, had he unearthed more recondite truth, had he used more difficult and ingenious methods, he would not have been understood.† However, this criticism still testifies that Adam Smith’s theories have a simplistic approach, which make them understandable in the context of common people, and hence, are important. His theories

Woolworths UK Management Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Woolworths UK Management Challenges - Essay Example Woolworths is affected by some human resource-based issues plaguing the retail industry. For instance, some clients have asserted that before purchasing items in any retail store, they usually consider behaviors of the store’s employees. Woolworths has received numerous reviews about this aspect. Consumer surveys have indicated that a half of retail purchasers are happy with Woolworth’s consumer service while the other halves have asserted that their employees are rude. Consequently, the company has to work on the latter percentage. (Hammer and Champy, 1993) Marketing strategies are crucial to running any business. For companies to dwell in the retail sector today, they need to portray a clear theme in their advertisement and marketing strategies. Woolworths’ marketing manager asserts that the company’s marketing strategy is largely centered on three major categories and these are; These three themes are what make Woolworths stand out. However, other critics assert that Woolworths is severely lacking in this area. They claim that while other retail chain stores are distinct and stand out depending on specific themes; Woolworths has nothing special that makes it unique. Consequently, this is a marketing or branding issue that will affect future decisions made by Woolworths. Demand determinants are also instrumental in determining how Woolworths performs in the UK market. There are a number of things that UK consumers look for when shopping in retail chain stores and some of them include When one talks about convenience, they are referring to the ease of reach with which one can find commodities in retail stores. This is usually depicted by the manner of arrangement.

Financial Management & Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Management & Analysis - Essay Example Since a business organization is susceptible to changing economic condition, changing consumers' choice, availability of alternative products in the market, its operational and marketing aspects of performance is dynamic in nature. This non static feature of the functional activities makes capital structure planning one of the most challenging tasks. (Brealey and Myers, 2002) Debt and equity financing vary due to several factors. Since equity entitles one to ownership it demands greater degree of accountability and a much higher degree of risk appetite. On the other hand debt does not give any ownership right and demands relatively lower degree of risk. Debt financing gets some advantage from the standpoint of taxation. In real business situation due to varying degree of complexity associated with payment patterns and more importantly the paying capability, different debt instruments are constructed. A very high degree of dependence on equity financing does not allow the firm to take the advantage of tax benefit; on the other hand too much dependence on debt makes the firm vulnerable to buyout. The buyout threat can come from many ways. For instance, due to very low payment of dividend the share holders may no longer be interested in the continuation of the situation and instigate hostile takeover by other firms. The other type of threat can come in case the company faces default risk. (Brealey, and Myers, 2002) When the firm is unable to maintain a good credit history i.e. a record of timely repayment of interest and principle to the lenders - its possibility of managing a good lender becomes more and more difficult. Higher degree of uncertainty associated with the firms repayment virtually forces it to take loan with several bitter clauses like higher rate of interest, higher sensitivity of term with rate i.e. the firm has to 'buy' duration of the loan payable at a higher cost of interest. So dependence on debt also triggers the exposure to risk. This is the reason for which a leveraged firm (a highly debt dependent firm) usually have high-risk indicating parameter, commonly known as beta. Beta determines the company's risk exposure with respect to overall market. People will take additional risk if and only if they are proportionately paid i.e. paid something more than that they could have got without taking any additional risk. So more the risk involved, in repayment more will be the cos t of debt. So it is very important to determine what fraction of capital will be through equity financing and what fraction will be through debt financing. Optimum capital structure can said to be that combination of debt and equity financing that will maximize their combined positive effect and minimize the negative ones. So the importance of capital structure cannot be overstated for the sustainability of the organization. The financial health of Jessops, the photography retailer of UK is going through a critical stage due to several reasons. Entry of low cost substitute products and overall economic slowdown are the two main apparent reasons behind it. (Jessops: Reports and Accounts", 2008) It is prevalent from the financial structure of the company that it is a debt ridden company. The debt to equity ratio is found out to be around -3.67. Debt-equity ratio is measured by the following formula: total liabilities/ total assets. Here total liabilities is '

Pennsylvania's Long Term Care Facilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Pennsylvania's Long Term Care Facilities - Essay Example Although these care facilities had been designed to provide care that provided more care available in private homes and less than that available in the hospitals, persons living in long-term care facilities are still the victims of physical, emotional, sexual, or financial abuse (Tatara, 1993). Neglect of the residents in that sense legally construes abuse. In this assignment, abuse and neglect in Pennsylvania's long term care facilities will be critically examined from the point of view of exploring the causes and status of it in the state of Pennsylvania and what law can do to prevent it. To this end, it is imperative to have the legal definitions of these terms need to be established first for the reader's benefits (Underwood, 2005). Caretaker: Under schedule 10225.103 of Pennsylvania Law means an individual or an institution that has assumed the responsibility for the provision of care needed to maintain the physical and mental health of an older adult. This responsibility may arise in several conditions. It may arise voluntarily, by contract, by receipt of payment in lieu of care provided, out of family relationship, or by the order of court of competent jurisdiction. This act, however, mentions that it does not intend to impose responsibility on any individual who is not legally responsible for such (National Research Council, 2003). Older Adult: Most of the older adults are residents of long-term care facilities. The same Pennsylvania law defines an older adult to be a person within the jurisdiction of the Commonwealth who is 60 years old or older than that. Therefore, older adult who is in need of protective services would be an incapacitated adult who would be unable to perform activities or obtain services that are necessary to maintain psychological and physical health and wellbeing, for whom there is no responsible caretaker, making him vulnerable to the imminent risks of danger to his person or property (National Research Council, 2003). Abuse: Under the same section of law and also under section 672, abuse is defined as one or more of the following acts. These include infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, and/or punishment that may result into physical harm, pain or mental anguish. This may also include the willful deprivation by a caretaker or caretaker organization of goods or services that are necessary for maintenance of physical or mental health. Moreover Protection from Abuse act, 1976, also includes in this category acts of sexual harassment, abuse, or rape. However, the law excludes the grounds of uncontrollable environmental factors such as housing, furnishings, income, clothing, and medical care (National Research Council, 2003). Neglect: In this law, neglect means the failure to provide for self or failure of the care provider to provide goods or services essential to avoid a clear and serious threat to physical and mental health. As per this law, however, no older adult who does not consent to the protective services shall be found to be neglected solely on the grounds of environmental factors which are beyond the control of the older adult or the caretaker, such as, inadequate housing, furnishi

Financial Management & Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Management & Analysis - Essay Example Since a business organization is susceptible to changing economic condition, changing consumers' choice, availability of alternative products in the market, its operational and marketing aspects of performance is dynamic in nature. This non static feature of the functional activities makes capital structure planning one of the most challenging tasks. (Brealey and Myers, 2002) Debt and equity financing vary due to several factors. Since equity entitles one to ownership it demands greater degree of accountability and a much higher degree of risk appetite. On the other hand debt does not give any ownership right and demands relatively lower degree of risk. Debt financing gets some advantage from the standpoint of taxation. In real business situation due to varying degree of complexity associated with payment patterns and more importantly the paying capability, different debt instruments are constructed. A very high degree of dependence on equity financing does not allow the firm to take the advantage of tax benefit; on the other hand too much dependence on debt makes the firm vulnerable to buyout. The buyout threat can come from many ways. For instance, due to very low payment of dividend the share holders may no longer be interested in the continuation of the situation and instigate hostile takeover by other firms. The other type of threat can come in case the company faces default risk. (Brealey, and Myers, 2002) When the firm is unable to maintain a good credit history i.e. a record of timely repayment of interest and principle to the lenders - its possibility of managing a good lender becomes more and more difficult. Higher degree of uncertainty associated with the firms repayment virtually forces it to take loan with several bitter clauses like higher rate of interest, higher sensitivity of term with rate i.e. the firm has to 'buy' duration of the loan payable at a higher cost of interest. So dependence on debt also triggers the exposure to risk. This is the reason for which a leveraged firm (a highly debt dependent firm) usually have high-risk indicating parameter, commonly known as beta. Beta determines the company's risk exposure with respect to overall market. People will take additional risk if and only if they are proportionately paid i.e. paid something more than that they could have got without taking any additional risk. So more the risk involved, in repayment more will be the cos t of debt. So it is very important to determine what fraction of capital will be through equity financing and what fraction will be through debt financing. Optimum capital structure can said to be that combination of debt and equity financing that will maximize their combined positive effect and minimize the negative ones. So the importance of capital structure cannot be overstated for the sustainability of the organization. The financial health of Jessops, the photography retailer of UK is going through a critical stage due to several reasons. Entry of low cost substitute products and overall economic slowdown are the two main apparent reasons behind it. (Jessops: Reports and Accounts", 2008) It is prevalent from the financial structure of the company that it is a debt ridden company. The debt to equity ratio is found out to be around -3.67. Debt-equity ratio is measured by the following formula: total liabilities/ total assets. Here total liabilities is '

THEMES IN U.S. & WORLD HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Starbucks Negative Points Essay Example for Free

Starbucks Negative Points Essay Starbucks is Hypocritical about community service. Although they supposedly pride themselves on being involved with projects that help improve the community, recycling and making a difference in the world , In actual this is not the case . The Plastic cups which they use are not recyclable, and even if they were, many Starbucks stores do not have recycling bins. Starbucks bought 2. 5 billion cups for stores in North America in 2007. The 10% recycled paper cups used by Starbucks are not recyclable, because the plastic coating that prevents the cup from leaking also prevents it from being recycled. The plastic cups used for cold drinks are also non-recyclable in most regions. Starbucks cups were originally made using plastic #1 (polyethylene terephthalate, PETE) but were changed to plastic #5 (polypropylene, PP). The former type of plastic can be recycled in most regions of the U. S, whereas the latter cannot. Starbucks is considering using biodegradable material instead of plastic to line the cups, and is testing composting of the existing cups. It does not track recycling at licensed locations in airports, grocery stores and elsewhere. Environmentalists are not happy with Starbucks environmental record. They are concerned about everything from new plastic stoppers for coffee lids to Starbucks bottled water brand, Ethos. The Starbucks does not use recycled plastic in Ethos bottles, but the product is manufactured by PepsiCo, which uses recycled plastic in its own bottles. Off Late Starbucks gives customers a 10-cent discount when they bring their own reusable cup, and it now uses corrugated cup sleeves made from 60 percent post-consumer recycled fiber. But the same is still not propagated in all the regions Also there are various complaints from the customers about the rude behavior of Starbucks Staff and poor customer service from the Staff. Although this may vary from region to region and store to store the baseline is being such a big name in the Industry Starbucks needs to concentrate more on Staff training on Hospitality and customer handling

The Varying Definition Of Politeness Across Cultures English Language Essay

The Varying Definition Of Politeness Across Cultures English Language Essay CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The definition of politeness varies across cultures and the claims for universals have shown divergence and also lack of clarity as they have received serious attention since the Brown and Levinson theory was proposed (1978, 1987). Lakoff (1989) defined the term Polite as the use of politeness rules regardless of expectation whereas the term non-polite behaviour refers to the act of not using politeness rules when they are not expected. The Brown and Levinsons (BLs) model has contributed a lot in the study of politeness discourse although there are many criticisms that have been made by some researchers due to its lack of clarity concerning the definition of politeness and concomitant concepts of across studies and within the same studies (A. J. Meier, 1995). Furthermore, the BLs theory is said to be ethnocentric because it is derived directly from the high value which is based on individualism in the Western culture (Kasper, 1990: 252-253) and the fact that their distinction between the negative and positive politeness is dubious (Meier, 1995: 384). Goffmans (1967) work has also contributed a lot in the field of politeness discourse and has become one of the most significant in the research of language use. Goffman has introduced the notion of face (BL, 1987: 61). The BL defined the term politeness in terms of speakers need to say things which enable them to mitigate the imposition inherent in speech acts and also the face that those speech acts threaten including the face of the speaker as well as the face of others. A mitigated form is a form that is used in speech by expressing a given prepositional content in order not to offend others (Linde, 1988). According to Leech (1983), politeness is needed and important in the theory of linguistic pragmatics in order to explain the reasons that cause speakers to violate Grices Co-operative principles and its maxims. Self-politeness is taken seriously in Leechs framework. The self-politeness is important in the theo ry of linguistic politeness because it involves the face of the speaker which tends to be as vulnerable as the face of the hearer. This vulnerability is viewed in two ways and is described in the BL model. First, there are speech acts that threaten faces of others and speech acts that threaten the self-face. Second, the face of the speaker can also be attacked by the hearer just as the face of the hearer can be attacked by the speaker in a conversation. Brown and Levinson have devoted an entire book of politeness although its concept is never actually defined. They focused on two types of politeness strategies which are the negative and positive strategies that are used in order to reduce the imposition or threat to an addressees face upon the enactment of an inherently face-threatening act. Negative strategies are characterized as expressions of restraint, formality, and distancing whereas positive strategies are described as expressions of solidarity, intimacy, informality, and familiarity (A. J. Meier, 1995). These strategies focus on the positive and negative face notions. Positive face refers to a persons self-esteem and how he or she wants to be appreciated and accepted by the society. On the other hand, negative face refers to a persons freedom to act. Every individual has the rights to be involved in making decision. Speakers have to perform various speech acts in communication and these acts tend to threaten the face of the speaker or the hearer or both which can cause misunderstandings among them. There are five superstrategies that were proposed by the Brown and Levinson theory which are: Without redressive action, baldly Positive politeness Negative Politeness Off record Withhold the FTA Rudeness is the contrast of the term politeness. Lakoff (1989) defined the term rude as an act that disregards politeness rules when they are in fact expected although there is no clarity in considering what politeness rules consist of and on what basis they are determined in order to be considered as polite (A. J. Meier,1995). An apology is an act of politeness which is stated in Holmes (1990: 156) and is practised in most cultures of the world. According to Britain (1992), high rising tones which are used in declarative sentences are considered as markers of politeness in New Zealand English. In the work of Bublitz (1980), the terms please, just, passive voice, and tag questions are considered as the expressions of politeness. Politeness routines such as Thank you and Youre welcome are also essential in communication. In order not to sound rude when speaking to others, the appropriate politeness strategies should be implied and practised which can avoid misunderstandings between th e speakers and hearers. According to Janney and Arndt (1992), tact resembles the BLs concepts and it is important in order to avoid conflicts. Blum-Kulka (1989:67) on the other hand considers tact as an aspect of the appropriate polite behaviour. Kasper (1990:200) argued that the strategies and means of politeness are not exactly endowed with politeness values, which creates a question mark in ones mind. If polite strategies are not always polite as what is said by her, one would wonder what qualifies them as politeness strategies to begin with. Furthermore, some would argue that there is no particular style nor particular syntactic constructions (Fraser and Nolen, 1981; Zimin, 1981) can be polite or impolite. Many would question when and where to be polite and this is when sociolinguistic competence becomes important. Sociolinguistic competence is the knowledge of appropriate language use (Joseph A. DeVito, 2008). Lakoff (1989: 103) made an equate clarity with non-politeness where she maintained that politeness only differs in importance depending on the discourse genre which she believed that the more transactional the interaction is, the less important politeness will be. 1.2 Statement of the problem The universality of politeness is yet to be clarified because politeness varies across cultures which create problems in establishing objective measures for application across cultures. In this case, misunderstandings in communication can occur when one is unaware of another ones culture. Ehlich (1992) has warned of the dangers of ethnocentricity in determining the standards of politeness that apply to all groups whereas Hymes (1986:49) emphasized on the cautions of the tendencies in seeking the satisfaction of universal framework without considering the empirical inadequacy of them. Malaysia is a country that consists of various ethnics that have different practices, cultures and beliefs. Its biggest ethnic groups are the Malays, followed by the Chinese, Indian, and lastly the minority ethnics. Politeness is important because it can cause misunderstandings if it is not taken seriously. However, due to the culture differences politeness is viewed differently by different groups of so ciety in Malaysia. The BLs model cannot be applied in some of these cultures because they do not seem to fulfil each others wants. Gu (1990) argued that the BLs concepts are not adequate to account for aspects of Chinese and Matsumoto (1988, 1989) argued that the BLs notion of face with its individual territorial rights cannot be applied to the Japanese since the Japanese are more concerned with positional relation to others rather than with the individual territory. Everyone has the tendency to be rude when speaking to other people and they can in fact choose to be or not to be rude whenever and wherever they want. However, does this mean that they do not know the rules of politeness? According to the BL theory of politeness, an utterance is considered polite when there is an implicature that is generated due to the violation of the conversational maxims in order to save the face of others. An utterance can be polite even though the implicature is not. If that is so, how can someone tell when someone else meant to be polite or rude? A speakers communication competence is correlated to the degree of politeness. In order to be a competent speaker, one must possess communicative competence which consists of four types of competencies which are Grammatical competence, Sociolinguistic competence, Discourse competence, and Strategic competence. Grammatical competence is the mastery of the language and Sociolinguistic competence is the knowledge of app ropriate language use. Discourse competence on the other hand means the knowledge of how to connect utterances in a text in order to make sure it is both cohesive and coherent. Finally, strategic competence refers to the mastery of the strategies used by speakers to compensate for breakdowns in communication as well as the strategies that they use in order to enhance the effectiveness of the communications. The BLs model agreed with Grices co-operative principles and the conversational maxims which consider politeness as part of rational communication. Grices theory assumed that communication involves the intention of a speaker which is directed at a hearer and intended to be recognized (Brown and Levinson, 1987:7) and that communication is governed by a rational Cooperative Principle and also a number of maxims which give rise to conversational implicatures (1987:3). The co-operative principles emphasized four maxims which are the maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation, and maxim of manner which are formulated under the assumption that the common purpose of the talk exchange is to be maximally efficient and reliable. If one has to follow the BLs concepts, one probably has to flout the co-operative principles. Ones utterance can be polite even if the speaker doesnt mean anything polite. One can be rude even though it is not done on purpose and one can be polite even thou gh it is not meant. According to Grice (1957:219, 1968:122), in order to mean something by an utterance one must have the intention to produce some effect in an audience by means of the recognition of this intention. In short, one can choose to follow the Brown and Levinsons concepts or neglect its message to save the face of others. Interruptions are not tolerated in the English language but it is tolerated in the Italian language. It is considered rude for a person to interrupt another persons speech in the English culture. (Brian Paltridge, 2005). Interruption is also considered as a Face Threatening Act. (Jonas Pfister, 2010). For this reason, interruption is considered rude among Malaysians for example interrupting a persons conversation when he or she is not finished talking. If this is true, what about the practice of interruptions in a debate competition? One may question when and where can politeness be applied. Some would even consider interruption by permission in a conversation is tolerable. If so, one may question the accuracy of the definition of the terms rude and polite. Both competent and incompetent speakers can choose to neglect the politeness rules whenever they want and yet, they are still considered as competent and incompetent speakers of a language. 1.3 Objectives of study This study seeks to: To investigate the politeness practices among competent and incompetent speakers of English in Malaysia. To understand the many reasons that lead to rudeness among most incompetent and competent speakers of English in their conversations. To give guidance to incompetent and competent speakers of English in helping them to understand the politeness strategies. To help us understand the needs in educating these incompetent and competent speakers of English in language usage. 1.4 Research questions The following are the research questions for the study: 1.4.1 What are the factors that cause incompetent and competent speakers of English to have the tendencies to sound rude in their speeches? 1.4.2 What are the ways that may help the incompetent and competent speakers of English in improving their speeches? Who are responsible in helping the incompetent and competent speakers of English in improving their speeches? When and where should the incompetent and competent speakers of English be polite when having a conversation with others? Significance of the Study This study is important in order to help us understand about the problems faced by the incompetent and competent speakers of English in their everyday conversations. This study is also concern whether there is a need for maxim of politeness in our everyday conversation. Politeness is hardly defined due to the lack of clarification of its term and its definition has been argued by many researchers in their various theories of politeness. Researchers such as Lakoff (1973), Leech (1983), Kingwell (1993), Davis (1998), and Kalia (2004, 2007) believed that a maxim of politeness is needed in our everyday conversation and their views will help us to understand the significance of the term polite. This study also explores the competent and incompetent speaker of English in Malaysias point of views of the term polite based on their own understandings and practices since politeness can differ across cultures. I will also explain why the Brown and Levinsons theory is not satisfactory and cannot be universally accepted. Through this study, a Malaysian perspective of the term polite can be explored, understood and compared. Scope of the study This study is conducted in Fakulti Bahasa Moden dan Komunikasi (FBMK) UPM which is confined to the population of 12 selected ESL learners in Malaysia. All of the respondents are picked randomly from 3 major races in Malaysia which are Malay, Chinese, and India besides. However, the natives of Sabah and Sarawak are not included. Definition of Terms For the purpose of the study, the following terms are defined below in order to facilitate a better understanding of the studys main concern. 1.7.1 Polite The term polite refers to the use of politeness rules regardless of expectation (Lakoff, 1989). Besides that, an utterance is considered polite if and only if there is an implicature that is generated due to the violation of a conversational maxims because of concerns of face (Brown and Levinson, 1987). 1.7.2 Non-polite The term non-polite refers to the behaviour of not using politeness rules and yet not expected (Lakoff,1989). 1.7.3 Rude The term rude on the other hand includes the disregarding of the politeness rules when they are in fact expected (Lakoff, 1989). 1.7.4 Positive Face The term Positive face refers to the want that the wants be desirable to others and also the wants be approved of by others (Brown and Levinson, 1987). 1.7.5 Negative Face The term Negative face refers to the want of every member that his wants be desirable to at least some others. Negative politeness is said to be more polite than the positive politeness.

Antonine Woman as Venus :: Portrait Painting Art Essays

Antonine Woman as Venus It is determined the Antonine Woman as Venus is a woman of aristocratic status. The portrait is made of fine-grain marble, a medium only upper-class persons could afford. Also, only persons of wealth could afford to have such a protrait made. The woman is portrayed as Venus, a goddess who is connected to the imperial family, and members of a royal family would often have themselves depicted as a deity. (De Puma 26) We know she is being portrayed as Venus because of her bare breast and the upper-arm ring. The bare breast is a key to Venus because she is the goddess of sexuality and desirability. The upper arm ring can be an attribute of Venus as the Statue of Aphrodite (Venus) by Praxiletels displays the same jewelry on a nude body. (Fantham 175) The back of the portrait is slightly slanted, allowing us to imagine the angle at which the portrait was positioned on its support. The portrait is the complete bust of Antonine Woman as Venus, minus the background medallion, which would have created a complete circle above her head. Imagining the medallion was still there, we envision the bust as being placed on a wall. This postition would cause the portrait to angle towards the on-looker and we assume she was placed at eye-level or slightly higher. Antonine Woman as Venus is obviously a freeborn woman. She comes from or was married into an aristocratic family, which would not be possible for a slave or a freedwoman. She is a young matron of approximately 20 years of age. We can determine she is young and a matron because her pose is not as modest as an unwed adolescent's pose may be or as modest as an elder woman's pose may be. (Shelton 292) Her age is also determined by her sexually confident pose, her locks draping her neck, and her smooth, unaged facial features. These attributes are not a likeness to an adolescent girl or a woman of age. By the woman's young and healthy appearance, we may assume she was able to receive the best medical treatment because she was a wealthy woman of aristocratic status. She was most likely, being a person of upper-class, educated at the appropriate age by private tutors, usually before the age of twelve. Like all Roman women, however, she must conceal her intellect in the company of men, especially if the situation is concerning her husband.

Urban Regeneration of London Docklands – A sustainable success?

During the late 18th century and early 19th century the London Docklands were a very important industrial centre and the busiest port in the world. Right into the early part of the 20th century, the docks provided employment for thousands of dockers. Trade was focused around maritime activities, for example shipbuilding and the import of goods, such as tobacco and sugar, stored in large warehouses encircling the docks. Traffic through the Royal Docks reached its peak in the 1950s and early 1960s. However after a turn of technological improvements, the docks became abandoned and derelict. The first change, in the 1950's, was an increase in the size of ships. The ships were so big that trade had to be moved down river to Tilbury docks, which was next to the sea and not crowded by poor roads and a large city. Unemployment, few amenities and poor living conditions followed this in 1970. Other changes included a rise in air travel, competition from other ports and the need for more space. All these factors resulted in the closure of the London Docklands in 1981creating an area of derelict and unused space. The conditions for the locals in 1981 were very poor, there were a lot of high density housing – cheap, but small and old fashioned. Over half of the Docklands was derelict, vacant or under-used with empty factories and other buildings. There was virtually no open space and only a few small shops and leisure facilities. Transport was poorly developed and the narrow roads were congested with lorries. The unemployment rate was 17.8% and the population of the Docklands had fallen by 20%. Something needed to change, so in July 1981 the London Docklands Development Corporation was set up to improve the social, economic and environmental conditions of the area. The LDDC was an urban development corporation set up by an Act of Parliament it wanted to tackle the main problems of the area, and attract new people to live and work there. The LDDC wanted to undertake the issues of: * Transport * Utilities * The environment * Housing * Community infrastructure * Unemployment * Reclamation Example of Environmental Development Details Visual appearance * Refurbishment of docks allowing them public access. * Urban design, street furniture, public art. * Restoration of listed properties. * Reclamation of 7square km of derelict land. Environmental projects * Wildlife and nature parks created. * 160,000 trees planted. * 17 conservation areas. Example of Social Development Details Housing * 19,000 new homes built. * 2,000 new social housing units. * 770 council houses refurbished. Community infrastructure * 12 new primary schools. * 5 new health centres and 6 refurbished health centres. Utilities * Improvement in drainage. * Improvement in electricity supplies. Example of Economic Development Details Tourism * Increase in Tourism, with Docklands receiving 2.1 million visitors last year. Unemployment * Unemployment rates: 17.8% in 1981 and 7.2% in December 1997. * Population increased from 39,000 in 1981, to 68,000 in 1995. * 2,800 new jobs created. Transport à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½950million spent * New roads. * Docklands Light Railway. * London City Airport. * Pedestrian and cycle networks. Commercial Development * Many companies chose to move out and make the most of the cheap office rents and open space. * 16million mà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of commercial development completed. * 11.2 million sq. ft of completed new office space. * à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.7 billion of public centre investment and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6.1 billion of private investment towards new businesses and office developments. * Large superstores and shopping complexes. However not every aspect of the regeneration was successful, some of the impacts that affected the local people and the area were not good ones: * The new jobs created did not solve unemployment as they were designed to attract rich, skilled workers, there were few jobs created for the unskilled inner city population. * Money was spent on expensive office blocks rather than local amenities and services. * Wealthy new people brought extra money and trade to the area, but this caused local shop prices to rise. * The new housing built is too expensive for the locals. This has lead to gentrification. * Poverty in social housing estates was outlined and inequality increased, when rich, skilled workers moved to the area. * The traditional ‘Eastenders' community was destroyed by the changes. * Transport schemes were seen as inadequate, although there has been some improvement with the Jubilee line extension in the 1990's, critics believe it should have been in place before. * The recession in the early 1990's saw work stopping on Canary Wharf and a sharp increase in unemployed and homeless people. Physically and environmentally, the London Docklands regeneration has been a success, however socially it has been a failure, especially for lower social classes. A survey taken in 1996 showed that 22% of people thought that life had got worse as a result of the regeneration. However other factors and mainly the visual appearance of the Docklands is much better than it would have been had the regeneration not taken place.

The Striking Issues that Gave Light to Richard Wright’s

Issues on rebellion, racial discrimination, and social hierarchy have been considered as the finest works in the field of literature and history.   Stories that portray the truth behind the raging diversion between the whites and the blacks have always been a topic of speculation that writers and scholars considerably digest inside the situation.   It does not only come in handy—especially in narrative anecdotes—but it also serves as a â€Å"by hook or by crook† schema in the aide of social and political instances in the contemporary society. Numerous scholars even reprimanded Wright’s works as to be a mere social document rather than that of a novel in the catalogs of literature.   Debates have sprouted and critics commenced deliberative studies on the credibility of the author’s works (Kinnamon). Personal experience and observation—these are the customary perceptions regarded by a milieu of academia; and that   no matter how rigid Wright’s arguments are on introducing his work as a â€Å"fiction,† the social circumstances which have been brought upon by the readers tingled the minds of skeptics all the more. Charles I. Glickberg even theoretically stresses that the representation of Bigger Thomas is the author himself, and that the experiences and the events which occurred on the story are in point of fact the author’s own lifespan familiarity. As James Baldwin articulates, â€Å"no American Negro exists who does not have his private Bigger Thomas living in the skull,† crazed to be logically the same from one another, the audience have spotted the similarities.   From geographical representation, to familial connection—mother in the most awful slums of the Black Belt of such locale—characteristics with regard to motivation in overcoming fear and detestation, the temperament of being rebellious and the explosion of violence as triggered by the environmental and societal experiences diverged on to. Further, in the Southern custom, the portrayals in Bigger’s role all proved several connotations of the realistic sense in the crowd where the author actually lives.   Supplementary to that, all of them were mutinous colleagues of the Jim Crow order, â€Å"they were shot, hanged, maimed, lynched, and generally hounded until they were either dead or their spirits broken,† all these were the exact depiction of Chicago’s timid, twitchy, glum disturbed, estranged, vicious youths besieged for survival individuals.   The reality, which has been established in the story dwells on the analogy that Richard Wright’s intentions in producing the book follows the idea of â€Å"telling the truth.† (Kinnamon) The climax of the story is apparently seen on the last part, where he stood and expressed what has been boggling on his mind.   As Bigger stated, â€Å". . .I speak for my own people, but I speak for America too,† such striking phrase makes the readers realize that the story does not only tackle the negative descriptions of the discrimination that Negroes are experiencing, but rather the events came in a domino effect with pious misunderstandings between both sides of the coin. â€Å"Bigger† can be considered as a hero and as a model to the Americans (Kinnamon).   In a broader perspective, it implies that change has to be done for the betterment of all.   Hence if the act has been a second later, the predicament of the whole situation never would have been saved, or redeemed. Undeniably, the twists of the story complete its whole package.   It does not only take readers into a whole new dimension in the arena of fictional stories, but because of Wright’s indirect representation of its characters, it has captivated the hearts of the masses.  Ã‚   Others make be cynical on the relevance of reading the book—looking on the inconsiderate part of course—but those who well understood the theme and the manifestations which has been introduced by the author even until the very end of the story, it mystifies one’s thoughts and belligerently makes a certain bookworm think, â€Å"have I been a good citizen?†Ã‚   That then make be deemed as a perfect mixture of thrill and admiration.   It may be ideological in the immediate time, but no one knows where the Native Son shall settle next. Work Cited Kinnamon, Keneth. â€Å"Native Son: The Personal, Social, and Political Background.† Phylon (1960-) 30.1 (1969): 66-72.      

Marital Paradigm Essay

I grew up in a joint family in India, which had 3 married couple and their kids. Marital relationships that I saw in my family were not great but not bad either. All the men used to work in the family business and the women used to take care of the children and the house. Many times my parents used to fight and my dad used to scream at my mom, but my mom never had the guts to say anything to him. I always saw that my mom was scared of him and I used to question myself why doesn’t she reply back. And being a girl myself I used to think that probably girls cant say anything when theirs husband are screaming at them. I used to talk to my mom and tell her why cant she reply back, but I never really got an answer. I always saw my mom as the weaker one in the relationship. On the other hand we had a family friend and both husband wife used to work as college professors. In their house the husband never screamed at the wife, I am sure they had conflicts but you could totally see the respect that he gave to his wife. When I grew a little bit older my mom started telling me how she felt. That was when she told me that she was a housewife and my dad was the one who earned in the family and thus he could talk like that to my mom. My dad always dominated her as he is the man of the family and is the one responsible for all the decisions of the family. And this was not only my parents I 4saw this trend throughout my family with the other two couples as well. Certain assumptions that I saw in the relationships were that even if it was my dad’s fault, my mom always had to be the first one to apologize. Also since my mom is eight years younger than my dad I saw that my dad didn’t really understand her and took her for granted at times. Bring the older one he tried to impose certain things on her. I also saw that if I tried to calm down my dad he didn’t like it as I was a child and I should not be involved in their matters. This training has had a lot of impact on my relationships. As I always saw my mom being dominated by my dad, I didn’t want that to happen with me. When I grew up I had certain things very clear in my mind. I wanted to be educated enough so that I can earn myself and have a good job, so I never dependent on my husband for anything. For that reason I came to USA and decided to study here. In my past relationships, I made it very clear to my artners that my career is more important than anything in my life and I wouldn’t leave it for anyone. I was also very clear about anyone screaming at me. Since I saw my mom always being screamed at and I always hated it. Also I have certain things straight for my future. I want my husband to understand that I will not stop working and be a housewife, so that later I have to dependent on him. I want him to respect my decisions and me. Many times I have seen that the women of the house are not asked to contribute in family matters, and I think that is not right at all. So I want to have a relationship where we both contribute in the family matters and come to a conclusion together. I am not yet married but I think the things I have in mind for my marital relationship are very clear. According to the book women still do two-third of the household work. I think if women can earn like men do, then men should work the same like women. I think my idea of marriage is based on a simple rule, which is to give the amount of resect you get. And I think it is pretty healthy because if two people cannot respect each other for what they are then they cannot be together for long. Moreover I have been taught marriage is not only about two people, but it is about two families that get together. And I expect my husband to respect and get along with my family as being the only child I think my parents are my responsibility and will always be. Thus whoever marries me has to understand the importance of my parents in my life, and on the other hand I want to be comfortable with his family too. I also feel that at times girls tend to be too clingy with their partners, and I think that is one reason why guys get irritated. Therefore I would like to give space to my husband when he needs and expect the same from him. Some people might think that this is being stupid but I know I wouldn’t like if my husband gets over protective about me, and the same way I don’t want to be over protective about him. I know it’s not easy to be with a person like me who is over ambitious. And at times it can be a problem for guys to see the girl so much into her work, and for me my career has always been more important than anything. I think this can be a problem when I get married, because at times it has been a problem for my boyfriends to understand my passion about my work. This is something I want to work on as most of the times guys don’t understand this. Also I like the idea of peer marriage as in a marriage where both people respect each other equally and understand each other’s likes and dislikes it becomes easier to be together. According to the book faithfulness is the number one reason for marital success. And I totally agree with this, even if the physical relationship between two people is not that good, if they both are faithful to each other nothing can separate them. My parents have not only taught me to be faithful but I also have seen this in their relationship. Even though my father was dominating my mother, they are still together. This is because no one of them was unfaithful to the other. Also I think from a few years the fights between my parents reduced I think this happened because they saw that I am a grown up now and all this might affect my thoughts about marriage. Children are a big reason why two people stay together even if they don’t want to. But I think that’s not right. I don’t want my husband to be with me just because of our children, because that’s doing a favor to our relationship. I would like us to be together because we make each other happy not because of a third reason. I am brought up in a culture where non-marital sex is not accepted. And these values are embedded inside me. I know now a days girls have sex when they are 14 years of age, but I am 21 years old and I am still a virgin. Being in USA and telling your boyfriend that you wont have sex with him because of your culture is not easy. Many times people judge my beliefs but that has not affected me at all. I want my husband to respect my beliefs and understand where I am coming from. Because for me a relationship is not only about getting physical, there is a lot more to it, and what I have heard and seen around me is that guys only want to get physical. I know according to the book sex is the second reason why marriages work. But for me it is not. I am not against sex at all, but I don’t want my marriage to be dependent on it. Book talks about homogamous marriage, which is a type of marriage in which spouses share their race, ethnicity, age, or social class. Basically a marriage where the two people have something in common. Obviously my parents want me to get married to a guy from the same caste and I agree with them. Because I think if the guy is familiar with my religion, my caste, and my society there is better change of understanding between both of us. In a nutshell I want a marriage where we both can share our happiness, and problems with each other without any problem. A relationship where I get the same respect that I give to the other person.

Instructors be required to apply a normal cure to grades, rather than Essay

Instructors be required to apply a normal cure to grades, rather than scaling the grades - Essay Example This is because the scores of students are not classified in continuous manner, but judgment on the cutoff points illustrates the attainment of different levels of performance. This means that students can progress to the next level since their grading is based on the relative performance of the whole class. However, this method has a limitation since students may have ignored the subject and attains a poor performance. Consequently, the grading will warrant such students to progress to the next level. Based on the above, the best method of grading students would be the use of the normal curve. This is because the curve provides a clear indication of how the class was attentive to course work. The curve also eliminates the extremities of grade awarding such that all the students grades are considered with an equal level of fairness. In addition, using the normal curve enables elimination of the issue of grade

Marketing campaign by Easyjet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing campaign by Easyjet - Assignment Example Marketing campaign by EasyJet The British airline, EasyJet Airline Company Limited with headquarters at London Luton Airport. It is the largest airline of United Kingdom in terms of numbers of passengers it carries and in terms of its operation in scheduled services domestically and internationally on over 600 routes in around more than 30 countries. Its parent company is EasyJet plc which is listed in London Stock Exchange. It is a component of FTSE 250 Index. EasyJet made a combination of integrated marketing communication strategy to gain competitive advantage over its rivals in the marketing for low cost aviation. EasyJet Airline Company Limited is a successful and great example of European airline. It has made successful e-marketing campaigns. EasyJet launches its website as www.easyjet.com. The web bookings grew from zero to 26 percent of business within a year. Over the period, EasyJet became the first airline making more sales on internet than through normal television reserv ations. It recorded regular online bookings of around 80 percent which is the highest proportion of online sales for any airline in the world. EasyJet became a paperless company holding powerful electronic infrastructure which resulted in low administration costs, more responsive decision making and better management information. EasyJet uses sponsored links when a user uses search engine to research a flight to prompt them directly to visit the EasyJet site by clicking to it. It also send email newsletter to customers to encourage them to click through website for generating sales. It sells flights online to both business travellers and consumers. Customers also get themselves served on easyJet.com through review of frequently... A contribution to the profitability of business is always the ultimate aim of e-commerce. Leading companies, to access it, set an internet contribution target to achieve certain proportion of sales via the channel. When EasyJet launched its e-commerce facility in 1998, it sets an internet contribution target of 30 percent by 2000. To achieve this, they put the resources and communication plan in place and their target was reached by 1999. Assessing business contribution becomes difficult to a company who is not selling its products online. The role of internet to influence purchase should be judged. Contributions of service from e-channels are required to be assessed. The market share should be increased by EasyJet through serving its services to all the government agencies and offices and also focussing on customers who want the services at low prices. For serving the services to customers at low prices company should take some serious steps and should manage the flow of customers o nline rather than the traditional desk system. Elimination of middlemen will not require EasyJet to pay any commission to any travel agencies and agents and this strategy help the EasyJet to reduce its costs and also to serve its customers in a better manner.