Friday, December 27, 2019

Essay about Night by Elie Wiesel - 783 Words

Night is a novel written from the perspective of a Jewish teenager, about his experiences as a prisoner during the Holocaust. Our teenager named Eliezer grew up in the small community of Sighet, located in Hungarian Transylvania. It’s here that Eliezer studies religion, both the Cabbala and the Torah. At the beginning of the war Eliezer was dedicated and absolute in his belief of God, but throughout the events of World War II his faith slowly starts to wither away. Eliezers main conflict that governs the story would be sustaining his belief in God. This becomes especially hard throughout the book, as he has to face more and more challenging issues. Moshe the Beadle is the one character that Eliezer learned about his faith from, Moshes†¦show more content†¦It’s in these moments that Eliezer has lost all faith he had in humanity and religion, which he had previously learned from Moshe. One point in the story that Eliezer questions his faith in God is when they are forced to watch the hanging of other prisoners, one time the Gestapo even hangs and kills a small child for being associated with the rebels. It seems that during this point the prisoners start to react for means of survival only, family members were turning on each other. The prisoners turn cold hearted and cruel towards each other because now their only concern is survival. Because of the horrific events in the concentration camp and the ever-present risk of death does Eliezer begin to lose his faith in humanity and his God. Eliezer has a tough time understanding how the world and the Gestapo can be capable of this much fury. Because his teachings tell him that God is good, and since God is everywhere the world therefore must be good. Another strong theme from the book is the importance of family bonds, especially if that’s all you have left in harsh conditions. Eliezer has a hard time watching the other families interact because they no longer share a special bond of love but instead share the idea of selfishness. More than once Eliezer experiences the rupture of the bond a family shares between both the father and son. He describes his bond with his father as a support system; they both ensure the other has enough to surviveShow MoreRelatedNight by Elie Wiesel646 Words   |  3 PagesTen years after WWII, Elie Wiesel’s novel Night was published in 1955. Night describes â€Å"his memories of life inside four different Nazi death camps,† as he was one of the few Jews to survive the Holocaust during WWII (Sanderson). Wiesel’s autobiographical novel makes him â€Å"the best-known contemporary Holocaust writer and novelist,† and reveals the impact of the concentration camps on humanity and for the individual (Sibelman).As a negative Bildungsroman, Night depicts â€Å"a coming of age story in whichRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesNight is a first-hand account of life for Elie Wiesel as a young Jewish teenage boy living in Hungary and event ually sent to Auschwitz with his family. The moment his family exits the cattle car the horror of Auschwitz sets in. His mother and sisters become separated from him and his father immediately, their fate sealed. Elie stays with his father and right away a stranger is giving them tips on how to survive and stay together. Immediately told to lie about their ages, making Elie a little olderRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1372 Words   |  6 Pageselse† (Wiesel ix). Years after he was liberated from the concentration camp at Buchenwald, Elie Wiesel wrote Night as a memoir of his life and experiences during the Holocaust, while a prisoner in the Nazi concentration camps at Auschwitz and Buchenwald. Scholars often refer to the Holocaust as the â€Å"anti-world†. This anti-world is an inverted world governed by absurdity. The roles of those living in the anti-world are reversed and previous values and morals are no longer important. Elie Wiesel portraysRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1083 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1960 novel, Night, Elie Wiesel utilizes several literary devices, including the symbology of nighttime, motif of religious practices, and theme of father-son relationships, in order to emphasize the atrocities of the Holocaust specifically for Jews. Wiesel’s first hand experience in concentration camps allows for a vivid retelling of what many people had to endure. The symbolic portrayal of the nighttime helps to add a deeper meaning to the text. The title of the novel, Night, brings the symbolRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1087 Words   |  5 PagesNight by Elie Wiesel The aim of this book review is to analyze Night, the autobiographical account of Elie Wiesel’s horrifying experiences in the German concentration camps. Wiesel recounted a traumatic time in his life with the goal of never allowing people to forget the tragedy others had to suffer through. A key theme introduced in Night is that these devastating experiences shifted the victim s view of life. By providing a summary, critique, and the credentials of the author Elie Wiesel, thisRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1476 Words   |  6 PagesIn Night, by Elie Wiesel, one man tells his story of how he survived his terrible experience during the Holocaust. Wiesel takes you on a journey through his â€Å"night† of the Holocaust, and how he survived the world’s deadliest place, Auschwitz-Birkenau. Elie Wiesel will captivate you on his earth shattering journey through his endless night. Elie Wiesel’s book Night forces you to open your eyes to the real world by using; iron y, diction, and repetition to prove that man does have the capability toRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel1661 Words   |  7 PagesNight Sequel Proposal Night is an account of the Holocaust and persecution of the Jewish people, written by Elie Wiesel. Elie Wiesel wrote, â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky† (Night). Remembering the events of the Holocaust andRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel996 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand how deeply literal and symbolic the book entitled Night by Elie Wiesel is. The novel brings light to the reader about what the Jews faced while in the fire, hell and night; nonetheless, the author portrays each and every day during this year as a night in hell of conflagration. Were this conflagration to be extinguished one day, nothing would be left in the sky but extinct stars and unseeing eyes. (Wiesel 20). When Wiesel arrived a t the camp he counted the longest dreadful ten stepsRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel809 Words   |  4 Pagespractically unbearable. Everyday you wake up with this feeling that you’re going to die; sometimes you don’t even fear this happening. In the book â€Å"Night† the author Elie Wiesel takes the reader to a place in time that they wouldn‘t ever want to journey to. He gives you a picture of the real gruesomeness and terrifying circumstances that came from the Holocaust. Wiesel tells of his time spent at the Auschwitz concentration camp, and then to Buchenwald. Though the book is only a little over one-hundred pagesRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel1636 Words   |  7 PagesElie Wiesel s Night chronicles his experience surviving in a concentration camp. He, along with every other Jew in his town, and many more throughout Europe, were sent to concentration camps for no fault of their own. Hitler, the fascist dictator of Germany and most of Europe, hated t hem because of their religion. He considered them a separate, inferior race and created the concentration camps to kill them all. Elie lost his mother, little sister, father, and nearly everyone he knew to these factories

Thursday, December 19, 2019

12 Angry Men by Reginald Rose - 907 Words

The literary element setting includes the time when the story happens and location where the story takes place. Some stories use variety of settings to initiate an interesting beginning. However, the 12 Angry Man has only one fixed setting – the jury room, which is not commonly used in a novel. The author, Reginald Rose, overcomes the limitation in setting by describing changes in weather, initiating different types of character and imitating the events of the murder. First of all, the author overcomes the limitation in setting by describing changes in weather. In the story, the weather had a major effect which leads the change in feeling. The weather changes from very hot to raining to storming. In act I, it’s a extremely hot day, all of the 12 jurors sitting in an closed room, the air conditioner was unfortunately not working. This makes all of the jurors annoyed, such as juror 7 said (Reginald 6). The foreman was trying to fix the electronic fan. Because of the hot w eather, it makes the atmosphere intense as well. The high temperature makes the jurors annoyed and makes it harder for them to vote. Moreover, when it begins to rain, the jurors start to be more irritated and annoyed. For example, juror 7, he got really angry and became impatient because his baseball game had been cancelled due to the heavy rain. Juror 7 is a big fan of baseball, like he said: This better to be fast. I got tickets to a ball game tonight. Yankees - Cleveland. When it storms, a big fights andShow MoreRelated12 Angry Men By Reginald Rose1450 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual does not need to conform to society s ideals in order to find their happiness or be successful in life. When an individual chooses to not conform, it will lead them to their future and their own accomplishment. In the play,12 Angry Men, by Reginald Rose, readers can understand that one do not have to conform to what is the majority but an individual could be successful with their own action and thoughts. Juror 8 uses pathos to defend the boy by arguing, â€Å"Look, this boy s been kickedRead MoreAnalysis Of 12 Angry Men By Reginald Rose731 Words   |  3 Pagesteachers of the English Department. I am very thankful for you to invite me to talk to you today. As a student, we don t look forward to assignments based on boring novels or books that just don t captivate our attention. But the book by Reginald Rose, ’12 Angry Men’, on the other hand, is a story that fascinates and compels us. As well as being an entertaining book it is also an informative book. It goes through the legal system, the role of jurors, what to expect to come at you at the deliberationRead MoreSumm ary Of 12 Angry Men By Reginald Rose1681 Words   |  7 PagesJoshua Bennett American Literature 7-27-14 12 Angry Men by Reginald Rose Plot Development of Act 1 In Act 1 of 12 Angry Men, all the jurors were introduced and the trial was revealed to us. There were twelve jurors that were trying a teenage boy who was accused of murdering his father. The scene was set in a jury room in the New York City Court of Law on a hot summer day in 1957. Before the voting started, the judge stated that for the boy to be found guilty and receive the death penalty, thereRead MoreAnalysis Of 12 Angry Men By Reginald Rose Essay1845 Words   |  8 Pages12 Angry Men The drama play/film, 12 Angry Men, written in 1957 by Reginald Rose, is about concerns that arise in a homicide trial of an 18 year old inner city teen, who was accused of stabbing his father to death. As the arguments of the trial closed, the 12 members of the jury prepare to put careful thought into a decision, with a guilty verdict sentencing the teen to death. As a unanimous decision is attempted to be reached while in isolation together, juror member 8 expresses sincere doubt inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play 12 Angry Men By Reginald Rose1082 Words   |  5 PagesFeature Article Prejudice is like a ghost, it has been haunting the human race since the very beginning. Maddison Hinte investigates the way prejudice affects our society by changing our views of others and the way we treat them. The play ‘12 angry men’ by Reginald Rose discusses that we shouldn t judge people on their background, on their style, or on their religion, instead we need to focus on what matters most, what’s on the inside. Literature both teaches and encourages us to question the issue ofRead MoreTwelve Angry Men1296 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen accused of murdering his father. On April 14th, 1951, Reginald Rose, a thirty-one-year-old army veteran published his second, and most prominent dramatic work entitled Twelve Angry Men. This play is now admired as a momentous, eloquent and critical examination of the United States jury system. Twelve Angry Men examines key courtroom themes including civil duty and reasonable doubt. Through the voice of these twelve men, the audience must ask themselves imperative questions regardingRead MoreThe Twelve Angry Men Juror 3 and Juror 8 Comparing Essay1919 Words   |  8 PagesComparison essay comparing Juror 3 and Juror 8 What are some similarities between Jurors 3 and 8? What about differences? Oh gosh, its been years since Ive seen the movie (didnt read the play).   Okay,  Juror  #3 is the angry father, and Juror #8 is the guy who stands alone in the INNOCENT vote, right? I suspect the similarities are easier to find by reading the play because the movie really shows their contrasts. There is one similarity in that when they really believe something, theyRead MoreJuror Eight In Twelve Angry Men By Reginald Rose776 Words   |  4 PagesPicture a room with a large table in the center. There is a door, but it is locked. Filling up all the twelve seats around the table, there are twelve men: jurors debating the murder of a man living near the el tracks. The man’s son is his alleged killer, but one juror is not convinced. This image is from Twelve Angry Men, a play written by Reginald Rose. The Eighth Juror is being fair to the child, explaining how there are many â€Å"what-ifs† in the situation. Juror Eight brings up many different piecesRead MoreStereotyping in the World is the Universal Message of 12 Angry Men505 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Stereotyping in the World† today has become a greater and greater problem has history moves on. Some have been known to look past these cases such as Reginald Rose’s book Twelve Angry Men. The play has been shown that one voice can change the thoughts of many by getting past the first layer and breaking it down to their inner person. Twelve Angry Men has showed the theme of â€Å"Stereotyping in the World† through the characters’ proper reasoning, communicating, and believing in good faith. For instanceRead MorePrejudice, Prejudice And Prejudice1190 Words   |  5 Pagestheir inability to look at things objectively, it becomes hard for them to consider the facts of the situation as opposed to looking at things with their discriminatory perspective. In 12 Angry Men and To Kill A Mockingbird, both authors effectively show how bias and prejudice can obscure the truth. In 12 Angry Men, Juror 10 and Juror 3 are shown as characters who find the boy on trial guilty due to their narrow mindedness and/or bigotry. Juror 10 believes that the boy is guilty due to the bias he

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Internal Control- A Detailed Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Report for Internal Control- A Detailed Analysis. Answer: Introduction Controls instilled within an organization so as to warrant that the business processes are conducted in the most desired manner, the financials prepared are reliable, the operations of the firm are accomplished by adopting an approach which is efficient enough to ensure that the firm is able to meet its goals and targets, the assets of the firm are protected enough to be able to safeguard from any kind of endangers and the processes are stringent enough to prevent any kind of fraudulent activities is what an internal control process promises. Unfortunately installing such procedures in a small organization may be a costly affair and the results may not be as desired. There may be situations wherein implementing such a process may be impossible[1]. In the said case it is very evident that the internal control imbibed within the Ashmore Grocery Store is weak and feeble enough to lead Kate Clarkston towards a path of losses. Thus I was requested to advise Ms. Kate Clarkston on the various internal control measures that she should follow so as to ensure that such a kind of vulnerability is wiped off. Credit (Accounts Receivable) Conducting a business on credit is a very common phenomena in the trade of retail and wholesale, specifically with regards the inventories. However to ensure that the there is no pilferage of the stock, a vigilant internal control system must be in place. The credit worthiness of the customers should be checked in detail[2]. The same should be conducted on a regular basis for both the new customers as well as the old ones as the credit worthiness may change with the changing scenarios. Further periodical follow ups for the clearance of the accounts is a must to prevent the occurrence of bad debts. The authority to grant credit to the customer should be kept by Kate herself and if any sales staff tries to grant credit on his / her judgement then the same should be questioned and dealt with immediately[3]. The next important area which requires attention is the immediate mending of the cash drawer as cash should always be kept under lock and key and adhoc withdrawals without approval should be stalled. Although there is one person responsible for the cash, yet maintaining more than one cash register also points fingers towards a weak control system. This may also lead to confusion and fraud. Thus the three registers should be discarded and only one register should be maintained which should account for all inflows and outflows of cash[4]. Credit- (Accounts Payable) Accounts payable is an equally sensitive area which requires vigilant controls, specially in a business like yours which has a very limited staff. The credit the suppliers give, the amount that they charge for the goods ,how much to order and timely negotiations with the suppliers is a must[5] .In the said scenario, Kate never took stock or inputs from its staff with regards the requirements of the goods each week and ordered in an adhoc manner. The same should be made only after proper stock taking is done. Further Kate should personally view the payments to be made to the suppliers so as to ensure prompt payments are made thus availing the benefit of cash discounts or other benefits that the suppliers offer[6]. Another very integral area of internal control which you need to inculcate is segregation of the work. The office administrator though very old employ should not be entrusted with the work of making payments to the suppliers, counting the cash, and filing of the bank statements. The work should be divided amongst the other staff also and the cash should be counted and banked by you personally. This would lead to applicability of self check process automatically[7]. The same may seem to be a costly affair to you, however if the work is delegated amongst the staff then the chances of risk and errors is minimized considerably. Inventories Inventories is another very fragile area which is prone to frauds thus daily stock taking should be made a part of the normal procedure of a business The stock taking will enable you to have an idea about the goods which are perishable in nature, the duration within which they get perished, the goods which are fast moving, goods which are no more in demand and which needs to be stopped at all. This will save your cost as well as ensure that the percentage of normal loss is minimal. Thus internal control over inventories can be instilled only if the stock is taken on a daily basis and any loss detected is immediately countered for. As the size of your business is small you may find this to be a time consuming as well as a costly affair, yet the benefits are manifolds[8]. Non-current assets Internal controls over non-current assets often takes a second seat in most of the firms which are not too big in size as their is a misconception with regards the fact that these do not hold much importance. But the said notion is incorrect. The fixed assets indirectly help in the conduct of the business and are costly assets which needs to be taken care of and maintained on a regular basis else replacement may cost huge to any entity leading to short term cash crunches as well as financial load. Thus timely maintenance and replacement of the same is the best remedy so that maximum benefits of depreciation as well as production is derived. Further a fixed asset register is a mandate for all kinds of firms[9]. In the current situation Kate uses few equipments such as an air fryer, refrigerator and bain marie which are expensive assets. She does not keep a track of the maintenance and timely repair and replacement of the same. She considers her staff to be so trustworthy that as soon as they inform her about the need for replacement of any equipment, without even checking the validity of the warranty or trying to get the same repaired she prefers to change the same immediately[10]. The same should be checked. Kate should take a note of the same and ensure a periodic AMC of the equipments installed at her shop. The equipment if under warranty should be sent to the company itself who would help to address her issues without any cost to her. Further before replacement a proper analysis of the cost of purchase versus the repair cost should be conducted and then a decision should be taken. She should have ventured into the reason for the replacement of a brand new ice cream freezer before replac ing the same as there may be chances that the same is stolen by any staff[11]. Conclusion Therefore as per my opinion Kate Clarkson should ensure adequate internal control is implemented and made a part of the system of her shop at the earliest. The top line of the firm may take a hit if adequate controls are not put in place before this leads to a larger fraud thus leaving her with no option but to shut down the business. It has to be understood that small business are more prone to inefficient systems and the staffs take the advantage of this vulnerability. Thus Ashmore Grocery Store should ensure that the above detailed measures should be adopted and made a part of its daily routine so that it can prevent profit erosion and earn profits as targeted for. References: Agarwal, V., Internal controls in a retail store,[Website]. 2015. https://www.withum.com/kc/internal-controls-retail-store/ (accessed 25 July 2016) Adams, K., Types of Internal Controls in a Grocery Store. Houston Chronicle, 25 July 2016. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/types-internal-controls-grocery-store-62145.html (accessed 25 July 2016) Cardwell, H., Principles of Audit Surveillance, R.T. Edwards Inc. USA, 2005 Frias, S.A., and Fajardo, C.L., Textbook in Auditing Theory (Assurance and related services), 4th Eds, KATHA Publishing Co. Ltd. Philippine, 2008 Geyer, J.M., The Basics of Inventory Internal Controls.; ImproMed, 15 February 2011, Accessed from https://www.impromed.com/newsletter/article.aspx?a=227 (25 July 2016) Horngren, C. Et al. Accounting, 7th Eds. Pearson, Australia, 2013 Hightower, R. Accounts Receivable- Cash Application, John Wiley Sons Inc., 2015, Available from E-book library (Accessed 25 July 2016) Internal Control: A Practical Guide, KPMG, UK, Service Print Limited , 1999 Long, M.M., Internal Controls for Small Businesses to Reduce Risk of Fraud, Intuit Inc. Plano, 2009 Rich, J.S. et.al. Cornerstones of Financial Accounting, South Western Cengage Learning, USA, 2012 Trenerry, A., Principles of Internal Control, University of New South Wales Press Ltd, New South Wales, 1999 [1] Agarwal, V., Internal controls in a retail store,[Website]. 2015. https://www.withum.com/kc/internal-controls-retail-store/ (accessed 25 July 2016) [2] Adams, K., Types of Internal Controls in a Grocery Store. Houston Chronicle, 25 July 2016. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/types-internal-controls-grocery-store-62145.html (accessed 25 July 2016) [3] Cardwell, H., Principles of Audit Surveillance, R.T. Edwards Inc. USA, 2005 [4] Frias, S.A., and Fajardo, C.L., Textbook in Auditing Theory (Assurance and related services), 4th Eds, KATHA Publishing Co. Ltd. Philippine, 2008 [5] Trenerry, A., Principles of Internal Control, University of New South Wales Press Ltd, New South Wales, 1999 [6] Rich, J.S. et.al. Cornerstones of Financial Accounting, South Western Cengage Learning, USA, 2012 [7] Horngren, C. Et al. Accounting, 7th Eds. Pearson, Australia, 2013 [8] Geyer, J.M., The Basics of Inventory Internal Controls.; ImproMed, 15 February 2011, Accessed from https://www.impromed.com/newsletter/article.aspx?a=227 (25 July 2016) [9] Hightower, R. Accounts Receivable- Cash Application, John Wiley Sons Inc., 2015, Available from E-book library (Accessed 25 July 2016) [10] Long, M.M., Internal Controls for Small Businesses to Reduce Risk of Fraud, Intuit Inc. Plano, 2009 [11] Internal Control: A Practical Guide, KPMG, UK, Service Print Limited , 1999

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Versailles Essays - Treaty Of Versailles, , Term Papers

Versailles Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was intended to be a peace agreement between the Allies and the Germans. Versailles created political discontent and economic chaos in Germany. The Peace Treaty of Versailles represented the results of hostility and revenge and opened the door for a dictator and World War II. November 11, 1918 marked the end of the first World War. Germany had surrendered and signed an armistice agreement. The task of forming a peace agreement was now in the hands of the Allies. In December of 1918, the Allies met in Versailles to start on the peace settlement. The main countries and their respective representatives were: The United States, Woodrow Wilson; Great Britain, David Lloyd George; and France, George Clemenceau. "At first, it had seemed the task of making peace would be easy". However, once the process started, the Allies found they had conflicting ideas and motives surrounding the reparations and wording of the Treaty of Versailles. It seemed the Allies had now found themselves engaged in another battle. Woodrow Wilson (1856 - 1924), the twenty-eighth President of the United States (1913 --1921). In August of 1914, when World War I began, there was no question that the United States would remain neutral. "Wilson didn't want to enter the European War or any other war for that matter". However, as the war continued, it became increasingly obvious that the United States could no longer 'sit on the sidelines'. German submarines had sunk American tankers and the British liner, 'Lusitania', in May 1915, killing almost twelve hundred people, including 128 Americans. This convinced Wilson to enter World War I, on the allied side. As the war continued, Wilson outlined his peace program, which was centered around fourteen main points. "They (fourteen points) were direct and simple: a demand that future agreements be open covenants of peace, openly arrived at; an insistence upon absolute freedom of the seas; and, as the fourteenth point, the formation of a general association of nations." The fourteen points gave people a hope of peace and lay the groundwork for the armistice that Germany ultimately signed in November 1918. Although the United States was instrumental in ending the war, Wilson was still more interested in a "peace without victors" than annexing German colonies or reparations (payment for war damages). However, as the Allies began discussions of the peace treaty, the European allies rejected Wilson's idealism and reasoning. It soon became increasingly obvious that the allies were seeking revenge and Germany was destined to be crippled economically and socially by its enemies. David Lloyd George (1863 - 1945), who was the Prime Minister of Great Britain (1916 - 1922), governed through the latter part of the war and the early post war years. Britain and Germany were, historically, always rivals. Before the war, for instance, Germany challenged Britain's famous powerful and unstoppable navy by dramatically increasing the amount of money spent on their navy. In terms of losses, Britain absorbed thirty-six percent of the debt incurred by the allies and seventeen percent of the war's total casualties. After the war, Britain faced tough economic problems. Their exports were at an all time low due to outdated factories, high tariffs, and competition from other countries. As a direct result, Britain suffered from high unemployment, which of course, affected the well being of the country. Britain had its pride and nationalism stripped. The Treaty of Versailles would provide an opportunity to seek revenge for their losses. They were also seeking annexation of German colonies in Africa. Georges Clemenceau (1841 - 1929) was the Premier of France (1906-1909) and (1917-1920). As Britain, France had a rivalry with Germany but the French's ill feelings were even more intensive. "Nationalism created tensions between France and Germany. The French bitterly resented their defeat in the Franco - Prussian War and were eager to seek revenge. Moreover, they were determined to regain Alsace - Lorraine." This gave the French the motivation of increasing their military strength and ultimately, destroying their life-long enemies. During the war, France's portion of the war debt amounted to twenty percent. Their loss, in terms of war casualties, was thirty-three percent. Most of the battles were fought on French soil. This resulted in the destruction of "ten million farm acres, twenty thousand factories and six thousand public buildings". After the war, France suffered terribly, economically. Inflation and a deflated French Franc spurned the French to take advantage of the armistice. "Clemenceau wanted revenge as well as security against any future German attack." He also wanted a huge amount of reparations, to annex the coal rich Saar Basin, the return of Alsace - Lorraine and an